The suitability of the finished product
poster:
Mostly single sheets. The requirements for its use of paper should not be easy to stretch, and the ink used should not be easily faded. Because it is mostly hung in the lobby, it is susceptible to the sun and the sun. It is best to mount a layer of PP or OPP film after printing to protect it. Damaged, there are also opportunities to prevent ultraviolet radiation and reduce fading.
product list:
Its main function is to express the characteristics and advantages of the product, so beautiful and attractive production is the most important condition. This type of printed matter must use high-quality paper, beautiful color pictures, exquisite design, careful processing and binding, so that readers like to achieve the publicity effect at a glance.
magazine:
This is a reading for the public. Sometimes there are certain objects. The paper used is mostly coated paper or offset paper. The printing method is mostly lithography. The binding method is generally saddle stitching or wireless perfect binding. There are also time and quality requirements during production.
books:
Divided into paperback and hardcover books, paperback wireless binding is mostly used for books such as schools and general novels. The hardcover is more focused on advanced books and dictionaries. During production, in order to adapt to its long-term preservation characteristics, it is necessary to use the long side as the direction of the silk flow to be more straight.
Form:
It is often multi-coupling, and currently uses more non-carbon paper, and the use of carbon paper is the main advantage, but non-carbon paper is divided into upper paper, middle paper and lower paper. The lower paper is the lower layer. You must pay attention to the layer of the paper when using it. When the following paper is placed on the upper layer, there is no copy function.
Material suitability
Selection of printing plates: There are many types of printing plates, which can be based on:
Plate material is divided into aluminum, zinc, stone, resin, nylon, cardboard, glass.
The structure is divided into single layer, double layer and multiple layers.
The plate making method includes manual, transfer, optical and electronic.
The layout is divided into flat convex, flat, flat concave.
Grinding methods include ball milling, brush milling, chemical milling, electronic chemical milling, and sandblasting milling.
There are chemistries and anodes for layout treatment.
Light film coating methods are divided into self-coating, machine coating and pre-coating.
There are single-sided and double-sided coating surface.
There are positive film type and negative film type.
Light film processing methods are divided into film addition type and film reduction type.
Printing machine uses are divided into proofing machine, fast machine, sheet machine, rotary machine, office printing machine.
From the above, there are quite a lot of types. In fact, the printing plates used in many lithographic printing plants in Taiwan are only pre-coated and positive, which is abbreviated as PS version. The quality of printing with this type of printing plate is quite high, and the plate making procedure is simple, as long as it is automatically processed in the plate-making machine, it can be completed within a few minutes. There are still a few books for home printing plants that use zinc or aluminum plates to make protein plates for a small number of printing materials. [next]
Paper selection: There are three choices of type, quality and weight. Common in terms of type
Printing paper: bond paper, book paper, magazine paper, newsprint, molded paper, coated paper, bible paper, Daolin paper, etc.
Writing paper: account book paper, brief paper, miscellaneous note paper, typing paper, card paper, drawing paper.
Drawing paper: watercolor drawing paper, special drawing paper, ordinary drawing paper, charcoal drawing paper, sea drawings.
Packing paper: Kraft paper, sulfite paper, match paper, anti-rust paper, cigarette paper, fruit paper, sulfuric acid paper, cellophane, wax paper.
Filter paper: chemical analysis paper, insulation paper.
Absorbent paper: blotting paper, carbon paper, napkins, toilet paper.
Specially processed paper: back carbon base paper, photosensitive base paper, fiber paper.
Cardboard categories: yellow cardboard, white cardboard, core cardboard, corrugated cardboard, ticket cardboard, construction cardboard, etc.
Seeing that there are so many types above, I do n’t know how to choose for a while, but it ’s not difficult, because the most commonly used are the first type of Daolin paper, die-made paper and coated paper. In terms of quality selection, Daolin Paper includes whole wood Daolin, ivory Daolin, Bai Daolin and Sedao Daolin. There are white papermaking, beige papermaking, and color papermaking. There are many kinds of coated paper, such as mirror coated copper, super-gloss double copper, super double copper, double-sided coated copper, single-sided coated copper, snow coated copper and cloth coated paper. There are also options for printing paper, magazine paper, index paper, and advanced index paper. In fact, only a few of them are often in contact.
In addition, there are two common weighting methods for the weight of paper: one is the basis weight, which is more common in the world. It is the weight of one meter square of paper placed on an electronic balance in grams. That is gsm, or "metering volume". One is the order weight, and the pound weighed by one order of 500 sheets of paper is the pound per order. Both of them are used in China, but for convenience, it is more convenient to use the basis weight, so as to avoid the difference between the 31x43 "pounds and the 25x35" pounds of paper of the same thickness, which is often confusing.
The basis weight of most papers is from 60 to 100 GSM, coated paper is from 80 to 190 GSM, and molded paper is as low as 45 gsm. As long as you understand the purpose, purpose, function, and characteristics before use, you can also make the best choice. It is not difficult. In addition, paper has a close relationship with humidity. First of all, we must know that the paper is a pulp composed of 99% moisture, 0.5 to 1% cellulose, filler and gum, referred to as pulp, and then sent this pulp to the paper machine, after long strips The funnel filters the pulp on the moving wire mesh to filter out most of the water, and then squeezes the excess water through the hot pressing wheel and squeezes it to dry, to make paper. After the above simple description, you can know that the paper has "net surface and non-net surface". The net surface is thicker and the non-net surface is flat. At the same time, there will also be "silk flow", that is, the arrangement of fibers in the direction of the long strip. This directly affects the paper and bends when it is wet, which has a great relationship with the book binding. If the paper flows along the long edge, the edge of the book will be straight, otherwise it will be easily bent.
Ink selection: Lithographic printing inks are mostly transparent four-primary-color inks. There are not many choices for color printing. At most, two colors of gold and silver are added. On the contrary, it has more selectivity in register printing, and there are many choices for special requirements in special printing, such as: fluorescent ink, true pearl ink, desensitized black, magnetic ink, ultraviolet ink, etc. There are also transparent and opaque inks. Many large printing plants now use four primary colors of transparent ink in large barrels, and use high-pressure pump automatic delivery tubes to send the ink directly to the printing machine. The staff will not be too troublesome, and there is no need to adjust the ink. It's easy.
Environmental suitability
Lighting conditions:
Illumination standard ─ 204.4 +/- 43.6? Cover clam light source color temperature ─5,000 ° K for manuscript viewing, 7,500 ° K for color comparison during printing.
Color rendering index ─90 ~ 100.
Lighting geometry-it is best to minimize the reflected light from the surrounding walls.
Transmitted photos indicate the standard-409 +/- 88? Cover clam
Wall color: light gray, mid-dark blue or green and other cold colors should be the principle, and red, orange, yellow and other warm colors should not be used. Because the latter tends to make staff feel irritable and easy to feel disgusted with work.
Temperature control: The temperature in the lithographic workplace must be controlled between 23 and 25 ° C, so that personnel can work and operate various machines and equipment in a comfortable and ideal environment, and also extend the life of the machine.
Humidity control: Humidity in lithographic workplaces must be maintained between RH 55 and 60%. Excessive humidity in the air will lead to instability of product quality, electronic devices are prone to failure, paper is easy to stretch, processing and binding deformation, photosensitive materials and Problems such as mold on the camera lens have occurred. These problems will affect the effect and increase production costs.
Air quality: The air quality in the working environment does not mean the installation of an air-conditioning device, but means that in addition to controlling the temperature and humidity of the air, it is more important to introduce fresh air into the room and replace the stale air in the room moderately. Many separate air conditioners now only cool the indoor air and have no ventilation function. This will easily cause the indoor air to become polluted, causing staff discomfort, dizziness, and infection of upper respiratory traches.
Wastewater treatment: Some chemicals will be used in the lithographic workshop, so some waste water will be generated, and these will have to be properly treated to avoid environmental problems.
Noise control: The noise that a person can tolerate is about 80 decibels, and in the printing workplace, the places that are prone to noise are mostly printing rooms, so those working in this environment must pay attention to the maximum noise limit in order to 75 decibels is better. In some printing houses, when using commercial rotary presses, separate compartments are used, and sound absorption panels are installed on the ceiling, so that they can absorb most of the noise and meet the environmental protection requirements.
Storage environment: In addition to the low temperature and humidity, the storage conditions of materials should also be paid attention to the handling conditions. Improper handling and items that are not suitable for long-term storage will be damaged even if there is a good storage environment. Therefore, the most important principle should be to pay attention to the validity period, especially all kinds of chemicals.
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