Knowledge of the theory of scientific regulation of bicycle training process [Figure]

Modern training staging theory includes: training structure, training period, training period and periodic training.

In the 1980s, some scholars questioned the scientific nature of the modern training stage theory created by the Soviet scholar Matviyev. It has caused debates in the academic circles for many years, but most scholars and coaches still believe that: periodic training The basic laws of the process and the corresponding theory of modern training staging are not out of date, but are more developed and enriched. The so-called cycle refers to the development process of things that are repeated and cyclical; the so-called training cycle refers to the training process that manifests itself as a cyclical cycle; the so-called training phase refers to dividing a certain cycle of the training process into more Periodic characteristics of the low-level training process. The periodic training means that the sports training process must follow the athlete's body's biological rhythm changes and the periodic rules of the formation and development of the competitive state, and the periodical changes of the natural conditions such as the schedule of major events and climate seasons. The athletes learn the rules of periodical arrangement of working life, the rules of formation of training adaptability, and the rhythmic laws of interactive arrangement of load and recovery. Among them, the law of the biological rhythm of the athlete’s body and the formation and development of the resulting competitive state are the main basis for the division of the training cycle, and periodicity is determined by a certain degree of dynamic rhythm, cycle, cycle, and step-up. Training schedule. Its purpose is mainly to enable athletes to form the best competitive status timely and effectively in order to achieve the best match effect.

Based on this, the training cycle of each training process is divided into a preparatory cycle, a basic cycle or a competitive cycle, and a restorative cycle or a transitional cycle. The so-called training structure refers to the relatively complete and relatively stable combination of the various components in the training process, which reflects the internal relations between the various components of the entire training process. The integrity of the training process is based on the optimal training structure, and the regularity, continuity, long-term, and systemic relationship between the various components of the training structure. This kind of connection not only manifests in the mutual transfer relationship between various elements of training content (such as the transfer relationship between general training and special training, physical training and technical and tactical training, etc.), but also in the various components of the training process. Inter-system longitudinal coherence (eg, from unit training in a training session to system coherence between years of training). Hey. П. On the basis of previous research results, Matveyev created the modern training staging theory and proposed three basic training cycle structures of the training process, namely the small structure (mainly unit training, class training, day training and week Training and other periodic training structure), middle structure (mainly refers to cycle training structure in stage training), and large structure (mainly refers to cycle structure in annual and multi-year training). Each structure also shows a clear periodic relationship between the training content and the load, and thus forms unit training, class period, weekly cycle (small cycle), phase cycle (middle cycle), annual cycle, and multi-year cycle (macro cycle). The complete training process has a periodic structure and forms a complete set of cycle training theory.

The rhythm theory and the establishment of the overall cycle pattern of the training cycle The rhythm refers to the intrinsic regularity and dynamic changes of the periodicity of things. Non-sporty rhythms related to modern training include cosmic rhythms, social rhythms, natural rhythms, and biological rhythms. From the perspective of competitive sports, there are training rhythms (such as load rhythms, action rhythms, etc.) and game rhythms (such as the density of matches. , rhythm, etc.). The ultimate goal of these rhythms is to form a biometric rhythm that is consistent with the competitive state of each training process, and based on this, the athletes can finally form the best competitive state in the competition. Now many factors that make up the training process have reached their limits. Therefore, understanding the important role of biological rhythm in athletes' functional activities and using their regularity to predict the state of athletes and rationally arrange training programs will definitely help to make the rhythm of training and competition as close as possible to the athlete's own biological rhythm and external The natural rhythm is coordinated to mobilize the inner potential of one's own body in the most rational and economical way, improve the training and competition effects, reduce the incidence of injuries and enable athletes to exercise their training level and create the best in the competition. Sports performance. From Table 6, it can be seen that in various cycles of training, the athlete's competitive ability shows a certain rhythm pattern. The training discipline of the early training cycle arrangement principle explains the following training disciplines in the training arrangement in the early basic training stage:

(1) Pay attention to the systematicness and coherence of each training cycle arrangement. Pay attention to maintaining the intrinsic links between different levels of the cycle and the natural and orderly convergence and transition, and maintain the systematic, rhythmic and periodical unity of training.

(2) The periodic training arrangement should maintain relative stability and flexibility. The specific time, structure and content of each cycle, the methods and means, as well as the load and other arrangements, are not exactly the same in each cycle, but should be changed and adjusted according to specific conditions.

(3) When dividing the cycle, factors that have a cyclical pattern of change should be fully considered. In the early stage of training, the influence of factors such as school study, examinations, and holidays should be taken into consideration. It is necessary to comprehensively consider factors in all aspects. When considering various factors, we must pay more attention to factors that have a cyclical pattern of change, the most important of which is the law of formation and development of competitive states.

(4) Rationally determine the structure of each training cycle. Correctly grasp the athlete's internal and external factors, and reasonably determine the time and stage structure of each training cycle.

(5) Select the most suitable cycle type. According to the characteristics of different sports, objects, tasks and major competition arrangements, select the most suitable type of training cycle. Most of the early training phases are mainly single cycle and double cycle cycle types.