The invention of printing technology has promoted the spread of human civilization and is an important contribution made by the working people of ancient China to the development of human society. However, due to historical reasons, China’s economy has been lagging behind for a long time, and the printing industry has developed slowly. Since the 1980s, with the gradual deepening of reform and opening up, China's printing industry has achieved considerable development. After more than 20 years of hard work, it has become an important force in the national economy. Especially during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, China's printing industry followed the development policy of "strengthening management, optimizing structure, and improving quality" and achieved remarkable results. In spite of this, compared with developed countries in the world, the overall level of development of China's printing industry is still lagging behind. There is still a big gap between the level of printing technology and equipment and the level of management of enterprises, and represents the printing industry. The digital and networked production of future development directions has only just begun in China.
I. General Environment Facing China's Printing Industry
The general environment refers to the external environment of the country's political, economic, social, cultural, scientific and technological, and natural geography. These environmental factors have an important impact on the development of the industry, and this effect is relatively long-term.
I. China is in a critical period of economic system reform. The deepening of the reform of state-owned printing enterprises, the establishment of a nationwide unified market system, and the further improvement of China's market economic system will remove obstacles to China's printing companies from becoming a normative market.
Second, the political situation in China will continue to be stable, the macroeconomic environment will continue to improve, and the national economy will maintain a rapid growth rate. This provides a more relaxed political and economic environment for the development of the printing industry.
Third, the concept of knowledge economy, sustainable development, etc., and the vigorous development of the new technology revolution represented by information technology will bring about the renewal of the social development model and will have a profound impact on the future development of printing companies. Among them, it is particularly worth mentioning that the flourishing development of non-paper media will certainly have a serious impact on traditional media that use paper as a medium.
With the further development of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization’s WTO and economic globalization, on the one hand, the domestic printing market will be gradually liberalized, which will bring new challenges to the development of China’s national printing industry; on the other hand, foreign countries’ Advanced equipment technology and management experience will also be introduced to China more quickly. This provides favorable conditions for the development of China's national printing industry and its active participation in the international market for division of labor and competition.
The promulgation of the “Publication Management Regulations,†the “Management Regulations for the Printing Industry,†and the “Public Printing Management Regulations†marked the preliminary establishment of the management and regulatory system for the printing industry. The further improvement and effective implementation of these laws and regulations will effectively ensure the fair competition in the printing industry.
Sixth, the gradual increase in the standard of living of our country and the gradual change in the demand structure will, on the one hand, increase the national demand for printed products, and on the other hand, impose higher requirements on the quality of printed products. At the same time, the emerging on-demand printing and personalized printing market is taking shape, and the print production will tend to be a short version of Short Run-length.
Second, the status quo and prospects of China's printing industry
The current status and prospects of the industry refer to the current and future industry scale, competitive conditions, technological level, and economic structure. Through the understanding of the current status and prospects of the industry, we can have a clearer understanding of the industry's development level and development trend.
The scale of the printing industry will grow further. After the nationwide printing industry has finished the work of rectifying and rectifying the printing industry, there are 15,1955 various types of printing companies in the country (including more than 69,000 copying, typing, and photocopying companies). The number of employees is 3 million. The preliminary estimate of the total industrial output value is already over 100 billion yuan. Has become an important industry sector in the national economy. It can be expected that with the continued rapid development of the national economy and the further improvement of people’s living standards, the printing industry in our country will surely further prosper. Among them: From the point of view of the printing of publications, at present, China's average annual consumption per person is only 6 books, 2 magazines, and more than 20 newspapers. Publication printing still has considerable potential for development. For example, the total number of printed newspapers in the past three years The average growth rate exceeds 17%. From the perspective of packaging and decoration printing, it has grown at an average rate of nearly 20% per year in the past ten years and will continue to maintain a high-speed development trend in the future.
Second, the competition in the printing industry will become more intense. For a long time, China's printing industry has always had the problem of a serious excess of low-level production capacity. Although the cleaning and rectification work has been greatly reduced, the number of printing companies from the 185,103 before the liquidation and rectification has been reduced to 15,1955, the number has decreased by 17.9%. , but this issue has not been fundamentally resolved. Under such circumstances, the printing market will inevitably have serious oversupply, which will lead to fiercer competition among printing companies, and may lead to vicious competition.
The structural conflicts in the printing industry will be further highlighted. With the surplus of total productivity, another long-standing problem in China's printing industry is that the economic structure of the printing industry, including the layout of production forces, the ownership structure, the organizational structure of enterprises, and the product structure, and the further improvement of China's socialist market economic system and the national economy Sustained, rapid and healthy development is not suitable. Such incompatibility is manifested in: the state-owned printing enterprises are overstaffed and labor productivity is low; the middle and low-end monochrome production capacity in the printing industry is in excess, and the high-end multi-color production capacity is insufficient; some printing companies have a weak modern business concept and are not standardized in management. In fact, under the market economy conditions, the economic structural contradictions have become a serious flaw in the development of the printing industry.
The threat of competition from non-paper media has significantly increased. The network revolution characterized by the digitization of information has brought about a major change in the way information is disseminated, which has brought tremendous impact to traditional media. It should be pointed out that in the non-paper media's rapid development today, the role of printing as a means of information production and dissemination will gradually weaken, but in absolute terms, paper-based print will continue to maintain rapid growth. Therefore, non-paper media and traditional paper print media will coexist at the same time, complement each other, and achieve a great combination of multiple media.
There will be a new revolution in the field of printing technology and equipment. Starting from the "6th Five-Year Plan", China's printing industry has promoted the development of the 16-character technology of "laser photography, electronic color separation, offset printing, and binding linkage". Now, it is moving toward digital network printing. Digitization and networking will be an important direction for the future development of printing technology, and will go through the entire development process. Currently, Digital Workflow and Cross-Media Publishing, which are combined with the network, have begun to be applied; computer direct plate making technology has been widely adopted; digital printing quality is increasingly close to traditional offset printing, and is moving toward high-speed, wide-width directions. Development, all these will inevitably lead to a brand new technological revolution in the printing industry.
Six. China's printing industry will continue to implement special industry management. Because the printing industry has a unique position in the construction of two civilizations in China, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the printing industry has been implementing special industry management. In the future, this management system will continue to be adhered to and improved. In particular, the printing of publications will continue to be strictly implemented. Supervision and management.
III. Actively promote cross-century development of China's printing industry
Through the analysis of the printing industry's general environment and industry status and prospects, and understanding of the external environment, potential competitors and future development trends of the printing industry, we can put forward practical ideas for the cross-century development of China's printing industry.
Provide a fair market environment. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the national economy, China’s printing industry has achieved unprecedented rapid development, but at the same time, the development trend of the printing industry blindness is also very obvious, the printing market has a certain degree of confusion, which shows that The development of China's printing market is still immature. Therefore, an important task for the development of China's printing industry in the future is to further purify the printing market, to promote the gradual maturity and improvement of China's printing market, and to establish a fair and orderly, healthy and orderly printing market.
2) Accelerate the strategic adjustment of the economic structure of the printing industry. To adapt to the general trend of global industrial restructuring and the new situation of China’s economic and social development, we must actively promote institutional innovation and technological innovation in the printing industry, and work hard to develop a market-oriented, enterprise-centered, technological progress and industrial upgrading. Supporting the leap-forward development of new ways. Therefore, it is necessary to actively adopt advanced and applicable technologies to transform the traditional printing industry, and to integrate the transformation of the traditional printing industry with the development of high-tech industries. We must adopt necessary administrative measures to shut down the printing enterprises that have poor quality and violate laws and regulations and eliminate backward equipment. And to continue to compress low-level production capacity; in accordance with the principle of specialized division of labor and economies of scale, actively promote the reform, reorganization, and transformation of printing companies, and accelerate the pace of organizational restructuring of state-owned printing enterprises and the construction of modern enterprise systems. Only in this way can we adapt to the two fundamental changes in the economic system and economic growth mode and expand the requirements for opening up to the outside world, and promote the printing industry from expanding to connotative intensive management, so as to promote China's printing industry to achieve a higher level of qualitative leap.
3. Meet the challenges brought about by the development of information technology. The development of information technology has promoted the emergence of digital workflows and cross-media publishing technologies, and achieved the integration of printing technology with digital technology and network technology, marking the arrival of the digital and networking era of the printing industry. The rapid development of the CTP, digital workflow, and cross-media publishing technologies of the direct platemaking technology will certainly bring great impact to the traditional printing industry. Judging from the situation in China, digital printing has just started and is far from the level of the world's printing industry. There is still a big gap between the digitization and networking of the printing industry and the developed countries in the world. Therefore, in order to keep up with the development of the world's printing industry, China's printing industry must catch up and achieve leapfrog development in the field of digital printing.
Fourth, the future printing companies should develop into multi-business integrated information production plants, becoming data processing companies and digital printing companies. In the era of digital information, networks and e-readers will become a wide range of information dissemination tools, and traditional prints will also exist in large numbers. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of the era, printing companies must actively use information resources in the future to develop multi-media production and become multi-services. Comprehensive information production factory. Of course, proposing this direction of development is only a forward-looking forecast for the future direction of printing companies. In fact, from the actual national conditions of our country, the development space for traditional printing should still be optimistic.
Fifth, printing companies should deepen reform, strengthen management, and establish a modern enterprise system. At present, China's printing companies have greatly improved the level of hardware equipment through the introduction of technology and equipment. However, according to statistics, labor productivity of China's printing enterprises is still very low, generally only reaching 1 in Japan and China’s Hong Kong and Taiwan regions. 5 or so, some only reach 1/10. Therefore, the main reason for the current inefficiency of printing companies is not the problem of technology equipment, but the problem of backward management of enterprises. In the future, the development of printing companies should pay more attention to the scientific management of enterprises and to management.
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