9. Green packages-Degradable
In 1972, the United Nations issued the "Declaration of the Human Environment" which opened the curtain for the "green revolution" in the world. For the packaging industry, "green packaging" is the largest and most shocking "packaging revolution" in the 20th century.
In 1975, Germany took the lead in launching the “Green Packaging†with the “Green Grund†(green packaging design) logo. In the following decades, "green packaging" quickly developed in countries around the world, and regional and national standards (such as the European Community standard EMAS) have come out one after another.
The publication of the "Environmental Declaration" and "Twenty-first Century Agenda" by the United Nations in June 1992 drew the attention of politicians from various countries. In view of the surging tide of “green waveâ€, in June 1993, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) formally established the “Environmental Protection Committee†(TC2 07) to set green environmental protection standards. After three years of efforts, the first environmental protection standard ISO14001 Formally implemented in January 1996 in the world.
Over the past few years, many countries such as the United States, China, Japan, Russia, and Western Europe have successively adopted the ISO14001 series of environmental protection standards (a total of 100 are expected).
In January 1999, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) implemented the Enviromental Labelling worldwide, and it has been adopted in more than 60 countries so far. This is a globally recognized product packaging certification mark.
For "green packaging", apart from adopting the green sign (EL), the most substantive is the development of green environmental protection, degradable packaging materials, the most promising is biodegradable plastics.
About 6000 to 80 million tons of plastics are discarded each year after use in the world. To solve this serious problem, British ICI Corporation developed a practical biodegradable ε-hydroxybutyrate-valeric acid copolymer (P3HB/3HV) under the trade name Biopol (biodegradable polymer) in the 1970s, and then Mohnsanto in the United States. The company's Japan branch also produces Biopol.
Biodegradable plastics have developed rapidly. The main applications are: poly(lactic acid) and its copolymers, polycaprolactone, P3HB/3HV/polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polybutylene succinate. Alcohol esters (PBSA), poly(propylene succinate) (PBA), poly(propylene adipate) (PPA), cellulose esters, cellulose/chitosan, starch/synthetic polymers, and polyester copolymers (eg, Butane succinate/propylene glycol ester) and so on.
“
Research on the degradability (reliability) of degradable plastics has also progressed rapidly. In 1985, the American Materials Testing Association (ASTM) first began to study. In 1989, Japan established the "Degradable Plastics Research Society" also involved in this field, and subsequently set the national standard. At the same time, Germany is also very concerned and has also established DIN standards.
Since 1996, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has also established the same relevant standards: 1ISO14851 (Water Consumption Oxygen Method is consistent with JIS K6 950); 2ISO14852 (CO2 method in water); 3ISO14853 (anaerobic); 4ISO14854;5ISO14855 (Compost The CO2 method etc. is used to standardize the assessment of degradability, to ensure the development, production and popularization of green plastics and to truly benefit people.
Although the price of biodegradable plastics is now relatively expensive (approximately 400-800 yen/kg), the price will gradually decrease with the development of science and technology and production processes. It is expected that in the early 21st century, biodegradable plastics will Will be more developed.
10. Eco-machine
Among the large and small and numerous packaging equipment, the most eye-catching is the eco-friendly green packaging equipment that came out in the 1980s and 1990s.
The green packaging equipment should meet the following conditions: 1 Save resources and energy, and reduce input and output; 2 Clean the production process, adopt pollution-free or low-pollution technology; 3 Have a high cost-effectiveness, and rely on equipment to increase efficiency under the same material conditions; 4 Eco-environmental protection, such as the FPP production line launched by Italy's AMUT company in 1997, can reduce eco-environmental expenses by 20%; 5 It is versatile with one machine, and has high production efficiency; 6 Equipment automation, intelligence, digitization, and so on.
In 1996, DMT and Bruckner launched a large-scale production line for biaxial stretching of BOPP and BOPET with a width of 8.5m, a speed of 350m/min or more, and an annual production capacity of over 35,000 tons.
In 1997, Paul Kiefel introduced a multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding machine that uses a new die, new cooling technology, and intelligent computer control to ensure product accuracy and a high cost-effectiveness ratio.
In 1997, in order to promote the use of PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), Aoki and Shell Chemical Company jointly developed PEN special injection stretch blow molding equipment to produce a series of PEN bottles, which is characterized by better performance than PET bottles, and A multi-purpose machine, use more widely.
After several years of practical investigation, the properties and applications of metallocene copolymers have been recognized. In 1999, Dow Plastics of the United States decided to put the world's largest equipment for the production of ethylene-styrene copolymer into production, with an annual output of more than 32,000 tons. Its advanced and clean production technology, production activity up to 8 million times, a considerable benefit.
Due to the implementation of the International Environmental Protection Standard (ISO14000) and the mandatory application of the International Green Mark (EL), many of the world's largest companies are forging ahead together to develop new green and environmentally friendly products to occupy the global market.
In short, packaging is a marginal discipline and a comprehensive industry. In the 100 years of the 20th century, it had hundreds of thousands of inventions and applications of large and small scales, which fell below the limit of the number of characters and authors, and had to hang a leak, such as laser packaging technology, stealth packaging technology, radiation protection packaging technology. The application of major inventions such as smart packaging technology, packaging CAD, etc., had to be left in his text, improper or erroneous parts of the text, and please correct them.
(From “Packaging the World†Han Xiaofang Wang Fang)
In 1972, the United Nations issued the "Declaration of the Human Environment" which opened the curtain for the "green revolution" in the world. For the packaging industry, "green packaging" is the largest and most shocking "packaging revolution" in the 20th century.
In 1975, Germany took the lead in launching the “Green Packaging†with the “Green Grund†(green packaging design) logo. In the following decades, "green packaging" quickly developed in countries around the world, and regional and national standards (such as the European Community standard EMAS) have come out one after another.
The publication of the "Environmental Declaration" and "Twenty-first Century Agenda" by the United Nations in June 1992 drew the attention of politicians from various countries. In view of the surging tide of “green waveâ€, in June 1993, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) formally established the “Environmental Protection Committee†(TC2 07) to set green environmental protection standards. After three years of efforts, the first environmental protection standard ISO14001 Formally implemented in January 1996 in the world.
Over the past few years, many countries such as the United States, China, Japan, Russia, and Western Europe have successively adopted the ISO14001 series of environmental protection standards (a total of 100 are expected).
In January 1999, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) implemented the Enviromental Labelling worldwide, and it has been adopted in more than 60 countries so far. This is a globally recognized product packaging certification mark.
For "green packaging", apart from adopting the green sign (EL), the most substantive is the development of green environmental protection, degradable packaging materials, the most promising is biodegradable plastics.
About 6000 to 80 million tons of plastics are discarded each year after use in the world. To solve this serious problem, British ICI Corporation developed a practical biodegradable ε-hydroxybutyrate-valeric acid copolymer (P3HB/3HV) under the trade name Biopol (biodegradable polymer) in the 1970s, and then Mohnsanto in the United States. The company's Japan branch also produces Biopol.
Biodegradable plastics have developed rapidly. The main applications are: poly(lactic acid) and its copolymers, polycaprolactone, P3HB/3HV/polybutylene succinate (PBS), and polybutylene succinate. Alcohol esters (PBSA), poly(propylene succinate) (PBA), poly(propylene adipate) (PPA), cellulose esters, cellulose/chitosan, starch/synthetic polymers, and polyester copolymers (eg, Butane succinate/propylene glycol ester) and so on.
“
Research on the degradability (reliability) of degradable plastics has also progressed rapidly. In 1985, the American Materials Testing Association (ASTM) first began to study. In 1989, Japan established the "Degradable Plastics Research Society" also involved in this field, and subsequently set the national standard. At the same time, Germany is also very concerned and has also established DIN standards.
Since 1996, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has also established the same relevant standards: 1ISO14851 (Water Consumption Oxygen Method is consistent with JIS K6 950); 2ISO14852 (CO2 method in water); 3ISO14853 (anaerobic); 4ISO14854;5ISO14855 (Compost The CO2 method etc. is used to standardize the assessment of degradability, to ensure the development, production and popularization of green plastics and to truly benefit people.
Although the price of biodegradable plastics is now relatively expensive (approximately 400-800 yen/kg), the price will gradually decrease with the development of science and technology and production processes. It is expected that in the early 21st century, biodegradable plastics will Will be more developed.
10. Eco-machine
Among the large and small and numerous packaging equipment, the most eye-catching is the eco-friendly green packaging equipment that came out in the 1980s and 1990s.
The green packaging equipment should meet the following conditions: 1 Save resources and energy, and reduce input and output; 2 Clean the production process, adopt pollution-free or low-pollution technology; 3 Have a high cost-effectiveness, and rely on equipment to increase efficiency under the same material conditions; 4 Eco-environmental protection, such as the FPP production line launched by Italy's AMUT company in 1997, can reduce eco-environmental expenses by 20%; 5 It is versatile with one machine, and has high production efficiency; 6 Equipment automation, intelligence, digitization, and so on.
In 1996, DMT and Bruckner launched a large-scale production line for biaxial stretching of BOPP and BOPET with a width of 8.5m, a speed of 350m/min or more, and an annual production capacity of over 35,000 tons.
In 1997, Paul Kiefel introduced a multi-layer co-extrusion blow molding machine that uses a new die, new cooling technology, and intelligent computer control to ensure product accuracy and a high cost-effectiveness ratio.
In 1997, in order to promote the use of PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), Aoki and Shell Chemical Company jointly developed PEN special injection stretch blow molding equipment to produce a series of PEN bottles, which is characterized by better performance than PET bottles, and A multi-purpose machine, use more widely.
After several years of practical investigation, the properties and applications of metallocene copolymers have been recognized. In 1999, Dow Plastics of the United States decided to put the world's largest equipment for the production of ethylene-styrene copolymer into production, with an annual output of more than 32,000 tons. Its advanced and clean production technology, production activity up to 8 million times, a considerable benefit.
Due to the implementation of the International Environmental Protection Standard (ISO14000) and the mandatory application of the International Green Mark (EL), many of the world's largest companies are forging ahead together to develop new green and environmentally friendly products to occupy the global market.
In short, packaging is a marginal discipline and a comprehensive industry. In the 100 years of the 20th century, it had hundreds of thousands of inventions and applications of large and small scales, which fell below the limit of the number of characters and authors, and had to hang a leak, such as laser packaging technology, stealth packaging technology, radiation protection packaging technology. The application of major inventions such as smart packaging technology, packaging CAD, etc., had to be left in his text, improper or erroneous parts of the text, and please correct them.
(From “Packaging the World†Han Xiaofang Wang Fang)
Glass Jar,Mason Jar Co., Ltd. , http://www.nsglassjar.com