First, book shell material
Cardboard is one of the main materials for making hardcover bookcases and thread-bound books. Paper with a basis weight of 225 g/m2 is called paperboard.
Cardboard generally refers to the number and thickness of its number, for each increase in number 1, the cardboard quantitative increase of 55g/m2, the greater the number, the smaller the number of cardboard in each piece. Books and magazines used in cardboard binding cover cardboard, envelope cardboard, grass cardboard, white cardboard and so on.
1. Cover board. The cover board is made of cardboard for cover books, picture books, etc. It is a high-grade cardboard made from wood pulp, semi-chemical wood pulp, waste paper pulp, etc. Cardboard color is fiber color, after calendering, smooth surface, no sizing, tightness, not easy to warp, is an ideal material for high-grade hardcover bookcase.
The cover board is a plane board. The board size is 1350mm x 920mm. The cover board has three kinds of thickness: 1.0mm, 1.5mm and 2.0mm. The main technical indexes are as follows: QB355-73: tightness is not more than 0.9g/cm3; tension resistance ( The vertical and horizontal average is not less than 140kgf/cm2; the water content is about 10%. Each piece of cardboard weight is not more than 250kg.
2. Envelope cardboard. Wrapped cardboard is a cardboard used to make hardcover books and book covers. The original color of the paperboard is not sizing. The cardboard is calendered, flat and warped, and has a high degree of folding resistance. The envelope cardboard is a plane cardboard. Cardboard size,
Thin type is 1150mm x 880mm, and thick type is 1350mm x 920mm. Cardboard has 0.7mm, 1.0mm, l.5mm, 2.0mm and 2.5mm five kinds of thickness, according to the provisions of QB1316-91, the main technical indicators are: tightness, A type is not less than 0.75g/cm3; B type is not Less than 0.70g/cm3. The folding endurance (vertical and transverse average) is not less than 20 times, and the water content is about 10%. Tensile strength (vertical and horizontal average) according to its thickness 0.7mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm should not be less than, A type is 14, 20, 29, 39, 49kN/m2; B type is 11 16, 24, 31, 34kN/m2. Each piece of cardboard weight is not more than 250kg.
3. Grass cardboard. Grass board is also called horse dung paper board. It is a kind of binding board used earlier in China. Its surface is rough and yellow. It is made from straw fiber as the main raw material. Grassboard size is generally 787mm × 660mm, 787mm × 1092mm, 787mm × 546mm and several other types of flat packaging, divided into symbols, one and two three. Grass board thickness is generally 0.7mm.
The use of grass cardboard for making book covers is inexpensive. However, the cardboard has a low degree of tightness, short fibers, strong water absorption, poor cardboard toughness, and easy paper breakage and warpage. When the book shell is made of cross-hatch paper cardboard paste, or before use, heating, pressure, so that the surface is flat, tightness, humidity is appropriate, can prevent warping, the package can be used to prevent damage. Choosing the right cover material can increase its toughness.
4. Single white cardboard. The surface of the single-sided white paperboard is white, smooth and flat, and the ground is white and rough. Strong water absorption, soft texture, thin and crisp, and resistant to folding, suitable for single-sided color printing and packaging. Book binding is mostly used to make book covers, soft book covers, flexible cover hard liners, hardcover round back cover, etc.
Single-sided white cardboard is flat paper, divided into No.1, No.2 and No.3. The board size is 787mm×1092mm.
The main technical specifications of single-sided white cardboard are shown in Table 8-1 according to QB549-81.
Table 8-1 Technical Specifications of Single White Paperboard
Indicator Name Unit No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Quantitative g/m2 160 to 250±53%
160 to 250±5%
160～350±5%
255 to 350±53%
255 to 350±54%
255 to 350±54%
360 to 450±53%
360 to 450±53%
360 to 450±53%
The tightness g/m3 0.7±0.10 0.75±0.10 0.75±0.10
Sizing degree (not less than) mm 0.5 0.5 0.25
Smoothness (not less than the front) s 12 12 10
Whiteness (not less than positive) % 80 70 65
Folding resistance (horizontal not less than) times 5 3 2
Moisture% 7±2 8±2 8±2
Ash content (not more than) % 12 18 22
Second, the cover fabric
There are various kinds of fabrics used to make plain and hardcover covers, which can be roughly divided into paper fabrics, coated fabrics, fabric fabrics, and non-fabric fabrics.
1. Paper fabrics. The most used book covers in China are paper covers. The cover materials for paperback, saddle-stitched bookcases and hardcover bookcases are paper-based fabrics. The commonly used paper fabrics include book cover paper, white paperboard, pattern paper, and offset paper.
(1) Book paper. The cover paper is commonly known as the cover paper. It is a kind of printing paper used for making paperback books, magazines, books, and other covers. It is divided into A, B, and C according to quality and purpose.
The cover paper is flat paper with paper size of 880mm x 1230mm and 780mm x 1092mm. There are also roll papers and various color and embossed book covers.
According to the provisions of QB1454-92, the basis weight of the book paper is 80g/m2, 100g/m2, and 120g/m2. Its main technical indicators are shown in Table 8-2.
Table 8-2 Technical specifications of the cover sheet
Indicator Name Unit Specification
ABC
Whiteness (not less than) % 80 75 70
Sizing (not less than) mm 1.25 1.0 0.75
Splitting length (vertical and horizontal average) not less than 80g/m2 m 2900 2600 2400
100, 120g/m2 2900 2400 2200
Folding resistance (lateral) not less than 80g/m2
Times 15 10 8
100, 120g/m2 20 15 12
Smoothness (Front) General pressure (not less than)
s 30 25 25
Overpressure (not less than) 120 120 120
Positive contrast (not more than) % 30 35 35
(2) White cardboard. White paperboard is a high-quantity, thicker paper that is used to print business cards, cover books, and can also be used as a back-up paper for hardcover books.
White cardboard is lithographic paper with a paper size of 787mm x 1092mm. White cardboard is divided into special number, number one, number two. Quantitative 200g/
M2, 220g/m2, 250g/m2, 260g/m2 and 300g/m2 five species. According to the regulations of QB212-80, the main technical specifications of white cardboard are shown in Table 8-3.
.
Table 8-3 Technical Specifications of White Cardboard
Index Name Unit No. 1 No. 2 Tightness (not less than) g/m2 0.85 0.80 0.75
Whiteness (not less than) % 92.0 87.0 82.0
Sizing degree (not less than) mm 1.5 1.0 1.0
Smoothness (no less than positive and negative sides) 200～260g/m2
s 35 30 25
300g/m2 25 20 15
Moisture%
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Cardboard is one of the main materials for making hardcover bookcases and thread-bound books. Paper with a basis weight of 225 g/m2 is called paperboard.
Cardboard generally refers to the number and thickness of its number, for each increase in number 1, the cardboard quantitative increase of 55g/m2, the greater the number, the smaller the number of cardboard in each piece. Books and magazines used in cardboard binding cover cardboard, envelope cardboard, grass cardboard, white cardboard and so on.
1. Cover board. The cover board is made of cardboard for cover books, picture books, etc. It is a high-grade cardboard made from wood pulp, semi-chemical wood pulp, waste paper pulp, etc. Cardboard color is fiber color, after calendering, smooth surface, no sizing, tightness, not easy to warp, is an ideal material for high-grade hardcover bookcase.
The cover board is a plane board. The board size is 1350mm x 920mm. The cover board has three kinds of thickness: 1.0mm, 1.5mm and 2.0mm. The main technical indexes are as follows: QB355-73: tightness is not more than 0.9g/cm3; tension resistance ( The vertical and horizontal average is not less than 140kgf/cm2; the water content is about 10%. Each piece of cardboard weight is not more than 250kg.
2. Envelope cardboard. Wrapped cardboard is a cardboard used to make hardcover books and book covers. The original color of the paperboard is not sizing. The cardboard is calendered, flat and warped, and has a high degree of folding resistance. The envelope cardboard is a plane cardboard. Cardboard size,
Thin type is 1150mm x 880mm, and thick type is 1350mm x 920mm. Cardboard has 0.7mm, 1.0mm, l.5mm, 2.0mm and 2.5mm five kinds of thickness, according to the provisions of QB1316-91, the main technical indicators are: tightness, A type is not less than 0.75g/cm3; B type is not Less than 0.70g/cm3. The folding endurance (vertical and transverse average) is not less than 20 times, and the water content is about 10%. Tensile strength (vertical and horizontal average) according to its thickness 0.7mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm should not be less than, A type is 14, 20, 29, 39, 49kN/m2; B type is 11 16, 24, 31, 34kN/m2. Each piece of cardboard weight is not more than 250kg.
3. Grass cardboard. Grass board is also called horse dung paper board. It is a kind of binding board used earlier in China. Its surface is rough and yellow. It is made from straw fiber as the main raw material. Grassboard size is generally 787mm × 660mm, 787mm × 1092mm, 787mm × 546mm and several other types of flat packaging, divided into symbols, one and two three. Grass board thickness is generally 0.7mm.
The use of grass cardboard for making book covers is inexpensive. However, the cardboard has a low degree of tightness, short fibers, strong water absorption, poor cardboard toughness, and easy paper breakage and warpage. When the book shell is made of cross-hatch paper cardboard paste, or before use, heating, pressure, so that the surface is flat, tightness, humidity is appropriate, can prevent warping, the package can be used to prevent damage. Choosing the right cover material can increase its toughness.
4. Single white cardboard. The surface of the single-sided white paperboard is white, smooth and flat, and the ground is white and rough. Strong water absorption, soft texture, thin and crisp, and resistant to folding, suitable for single-sided color printing and packaging. Book binding is mostly used to make book covers, soft book covers, flexible cover hard liners, hardcover round back cover, etc.
Single-sided white cardboard is flat paper, divided into No.1, No.2 and No.3. The board size is 787mm×1092mm.
The main technical specifications of single-sided white cardboard are shown in Table 8-1 according to QB549-81.
Table 8-1 Technical Specifications of Single White Paperboard
Indicator Name Unit No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Quantitative g/m2 160 to 250±53%
160 to 250±5%
160～350±5%
255 to 350±53%
255 to 350±54%
255 to 350±54%
360 to 450±53%
360 to 450±53%
360 to 450±53%
The tightness g/m3 0.7±0.10 0.75±0.10 0.75±0.10
Sizing degree (not less than) mm 0.5 0.5 0.25
Smoothness (not less than the front) s 12 12 10
Whiteness (not less than positive) % 80 70 65
Folding resistance (horizontal not less than) times 5 3 2
Moisture% 7±2 8±2 8±2
Ash content (not more than) % 12 18 22
Second, the cover fabric
There are various kinds of fabrics used to make plain and hardcover covers, which can be roughly divided into paper fabrics, coated fabrics, fabric fabrics, and non-fabric fabrics.
1. Paper fabrics. The most used book covers in China are paper covers. The cover materials for paperback, saddle-stitched bookcases and hardcover bookcases are paper-based fabrics. The commonly used paper fabrics include book cover paper, white paperboard, pattern paper, and offset paper.
(1) Book paper. The cover paper is commonly known as the cover paper. It is a kind of printing paper used for making paperback books, magazines, books, and other covers. It is divided into A, B, and C according to quality and purpose.
The cover paper is flat paper with paper size of 880mm x 1230mm and 780mm x 1092mm. There are also roll papers and various color and embossed book covers.
According to the provisions of QB1454-92, the basis weight of the book paper is 80g/m2, 100g/m2, and 120g/m2. Its main technical indicators are shown in Table 8-2.
Table 8-2 Technical specifications of the cover sheet
Indicator Name Unit Specification
ABC
Whiteness (not less than) % 80 75 70
Sizing (not less than) mm 1.25 1.0 0.75
Splitting length (vertical and horizontal average) not less than 80g/m2 m 2900 2600 2400
100, 120g/m2 2900 2400 2200
Folding resistance (lateral) not less than 80g/m2
Times 15 10 8
100, 120g/m2 20 15 12
Smoothness (Front) General pressure (not less than)
s 30 25 25
Overpressure (not less than) 120 120 120
Positive contrast (not more than) % 30 35 35
(2) White cardboard. White paperboard is a high-quantity, thicker paper that is used to print business cards, cover books, and can also be used as a back-up paper for hardcover books.
White cardboard is lithographic paper with a paper size of 787mm x 1092mm. White cardboard is divided into special number, number one, number two. Quantitative 200g/
M2, 220g/m2, 250g/m2, 260g/m2 and 300g/m2 five species. According to the regulations of QB212-80, the main technical specifications of white cardboard are shown in Table 8-3.
.
Table 8-3 Technical Specifications of White Cardboard
Index Name Unit No. 1 No. 2 Tightness (not less than) g/m2 0.85 0.80 0.75
Whiteness (not less than) % 92.0 87.0 82.0
Sizing degree (not less than) mm 1.5 1.0 1.0
Smoothness (no less than positive and negative sides) 200～260g/m2
s 35 30 25
300g/m2 25 20 15
Moisture%
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