Thoughts on fire accident caused by yellow phosphorus barrel
Yang Wenliang
According to reports, at 13:00 noon on a certain day, a yellow phosphorus plant located in the urban area of ​​Panzhihua was on the way to transport yellow phosphorus to a different place. A truck of yellow phosphorus spontaneously ignited, causing fire and causing serious air pollution. By about 17 o'clock in the afternoon, all the yellow phosphorus on the site was covered and the pollution source was controlled. The accident caused one of the rescued migrant workers to die of suffocation and five people suffered mild burns.
After the accident, there was a foggy weather in Yanbian County and parts of the urban area, and there was some irritating smell in the air. After receiving the report, the main leaders of the Panzhihua Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government immediately rushed to the scene, including the Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, the Municipal Security Office, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, and the Municipal Fire Brigade, to organize the command and rescue, and quickly control the situation. According to preliminary investigation and analysis, this is a sudden pollution accident caused by improper packaging of yellow phosphorus barrels.
After the incident, the relevant departments found that the yellow phosphorus in the transportation was packed in galvanized steel drums. However, due to the leakage quality accident in the packaging barrel, all the water sealed in the barrel leaked, causing the yellow phosphorus to spontaneously ignite.
The author has found information about yellow phosphorus. The data show that the physical and chemical properties of yellow phosphorus are: colorless wax-like crystals with garlic-like odor. Molecular formula P4. The molecular weight is 124.08. The relative density is 1.82 (20 ° C). The temperature of 44.1 ° C. The boiling point of 280 ° C. The vapor has a relative density of 4.3. Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as fat and carbon disulfide. At room temperature, it can spontaneously ignite in air and easily oxidize into phosphorus trioxide and phosphorus pentoxide, so it is often stored in water. Yellow phosphorus vapor can be oxidized to hypophosphorous acid and phosphoric acid in the presence of humid air. Light green fluorescence is visible in the dark.
The United Nations Orange Book clearly states that the storage and transportation of yellow phosphorus must meet the following requirements:
1. Packing mark: flammable solid. Sub-mark: Poison.
2. Packing method: Packed according to Class I dangerous goods.
(a) Packed in iron drums, all yellow immersed in water.
(b) Fill the glass bottle, plastic bottle or metal container with water (the plastic bottle must be refilled into the metal container), the yellow phosphorus must be completely submerged, and then sealed into a solid wooden box.
(c) The metal container is closed with an inert gas.
3, storage and transportation conditions: it is best to store in a low-temperature, ventilated dedicated warehouse, the warehouse temperature is maintained at 28 °C. A pool or water tank is provided in the reservoir to prevent damage to the container and must be kept underwater or enclosed with inert gas. Check three times a day, you must ensure that the moisture should be more than 5cm above the phosphorus block. If the package is found to be damaged or insufficient in moisture, it should be disposed of in time to increase the moisture. Isolate from combustibles, combustibles, organic matter, explosives, oxidants, and away from heat and fire. When shipping, it is usually customary to fit in a steel drum, place the drum in a deep water tank, and then fill the tank with water.
Yellow phosphorus is not only a dangerous product, but also a highly toxic substance. About 5 liquid yellow phosphorus burns can cause human poisoning and death.
In view of the danger of yellow phosphorus, China's quality requirements for yellow phosphorus packaging drums are relatively high, and it is clearly stated in the national standard GB19358-2003 "Huang Phosphorus Packaging Safety Specifications":
1. The surface of the yellow phosphorus packaging drum should be clean and free of residue, pollution, rust or leakage.
2. The yellow phosphorus packaging drum should be compatible with the properties of yellow phosphorus, and its performance should meet the requirements of the United Nations Class I packaging.
3. After filling the yellow phosphorus packaging drum, it should not be stacked or dumped. The yellow phosphorus in the barrel can be completely solidified before sealing. Yellow phosphorus should be protected by water to prevent contact with air during storage and transportation. The reserved space between the water surface of the drum and the inner wall of the top of the yellow phosphorus barrel shall account for more than 5% of the total volume of the yellow phosphorus drum.
4. The maximum mass of the single piece of yellow phosphorus packaging drum should be less than the maximum allowable quality of the performance test of the packaging drum that it passes. The maximum allowable mass calculation method is the volume of the yellow phosphorus packaging container multiplied by the maximum relative density of yellow phosphorus.
5. When loading, please check whether the yellow phosphorus barrel sealer is equipped with a sealing ring and whether the sealing ring is intact. Check the yellow phosphorus surface, covering water and reserved space in the barrel with the ruler at the injection port to meet the requirements.
6. When sampling, the bucket should be dumped and the closure should be inspected for leaks when the closure is completely submerged by the water covered in the steel drum.
It can be seen that the strict requirements of yellow phosphorus storage and transportation on packaging steel drums, even so, the safety accidents caused by the quality problems of yellow phosphorus barrels are endless, and the reason should be a safety awareness and management problem.
With the rapid development of the modern economy, people's demand for various substances has increased, and more and more chemicals have entered the field of production and circulation. This has placed higher demands on the packaging, management, storage and transportation of hazardous chemicals. However, the fact is that due to improper management measures, packaging is not standardized, unreasonable, and the transportation market is chaotic, leading to a deterioration in the form of security, causing serious economic losses to the country and the people. The lesson is painful and it also sounds the alarm for us.
The development of modern industry is changing with each passing day, and the classification of dangerous chemicals is becoming more and more detailed. The understanding of its chemical properties and physical properties requires continuous experimentation, accumulation and summarization. At the same time, the packaging methods and storage and transportation equipment are also required to be continuously improved. Classification, packaging technical requirements, packaging of hazardous chemicals packaging in the "Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Railway", "Rules for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Waterway Packaging", "Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals" and "Compilation of National Standards for Packaging" The transportation storage and packaging test methods and inspection rules have been clearly stipulated, but some enterprises often report or misreport the dangerous chemical product names in order to save packaging costs or transportation costs, and cut and scrap the materials and shoddy them. Some of them are engaged in the production of dangerous chemicals packaging and containers without production licenses. The packaging experiment and inspection process are simple, the quality supervision is not standardized, the production equipment and technology are backward, and the products are directly used for dangerous goods packaging.
At present, all walks of life advocate safe production. Security is not an end, and security is an important means. How to achieve the safe transportation of dangerous goods, the author believes that should pay attention to the following aspects.
3. Strengthen the work mechanism of highway management supervision
In accordance with the relevant regulations, combined with the work of cleaning up and rectifying the order of passenger and cargo transportation on the road, concentrate on the special rectification of road chemical dangerous goods transportation. The competent department of transportation is mainly responsible for the verification of the qualification of chemical dangerous goods transportation enterprises, the technical conditions of transportation vehicles and facilities and equipment; the public security department is mainly responsible for the fire inspection of the flammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods storage facilities, and the road transportation of dangerous goods. The handling of accidents; the quality supervision and inspection department is responsible for the inspection of pressure vessels and issuing inspection certificates.
Any enterprise engaged in the transportation of road chemical dangerous goods is strictly prohibited from carrying flammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods without the approval of the public security department. At the same time, strengthen the guidance and supervision of the classification of flammable and explosive chemical dangerous goods, division of labor storage and fire safety management, and avoid the crowds in the transportation of highly toxic chemical dangerous goods, radioactive materials and inflammable and explosive dangerous goods. Land, and there is a special car escort, to do a good job in advance. At the beginning of 2003, some provinces and cities in East China carried out joint operations of transportation management, public security and security departments, which affected the dangerous tons, especially the transportation vehicles carrying dangerous goods, and adopted joint notifications. The local unloading measures have achieved remarkable results and are worth learning.
2. Strengthen the standardized operation of packaging enterprises
In order to legalize and standardize the production of dangerous chemical packaging materials and container products, in accordance with the International Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine Administration Order No. 19 "Administrative Measures for the Production License of Industrial Products", the State Council No. 3414, "Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals", etc. Relevant regulations, China introduced the "Implementation Rules for the Production License of Dangerous Chemical Packaging Materials and Containers" in March 2003. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the provincial and municipal quality and technical supervision bureaus supervise and manage the enterprises engaged in the packaging of dangerous chemicals packaging and container products, strengthen the examination of the production conditions and product quality inspection reports, and ensure the quality of technology. Thereby greatly regulating the production management of various packaging enterprises, and promoting the dangerous goods packaging market and international standards.
3. Seek truth and truth from the consignment and declaration of dangerous goods
In the transportation of dangerous goods on railways and waterways, if accidents are reported due to false reports or missed reports, the correctness of the measures taken is greatly affected, and the scope of danger is expanded. The listed items in the "Dangerous Regulations" list are not necessarily dangerous goods. If there is no specific list in the "Dangerous Regulations" schedule, it cannot be said that it is not a dangerous goods. In particular, the world's science and technology continue to develop, new products have sprung up, and many new dangerous goods are constantly increasing. Therefore, all substances that do have dangerous characteristics, although not listed in the "Dangerous Regulations", should be declared as dangerous goods in a safe manner during consignment, in order to facilitate transportation safety.
In short, the transportation of dangerous goods involves multiple departments. Only by standardizing management and organization and coordination between various departments can we minimize the occurrence of dangerous accidents and protect the property safety of the country and the people.
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