You don't need cash, you don't even need a credit card, you can take a mobile phone and easily complete the payment. This is the embarrassment of people's mobile payment in the future.
This requires mobile operators to operate a business - electronic payments, and operators have long seen the market opportunities. Now, China's three major operators can do a big job, and they also get a payment license.
On December 31, 2011, the central bank issued the third batch of 61 non-financial payment business licenses. Among them, Zhongtianyi E-Commerce Co., Ltd., Unicom Woyi Pay Network Technology Co., Ltd. and China Mobile E-Commerce Co., Ltd. They are the payment subsidiaries of China Telecom, China Unicom and China Mobile. The license license allows the three companies to carry out two major services, such as mobile phone payment and bank card receipt. The two companies of China Telecom and China Unicom can also carry out fixed-line payment services.
This means that China's near-field payment based on NFC (Near Field Communication) technology has officially started.
In fact, the three major operators have been launching mobile payment services for many years. China Mobile has launched the “Mobile SMS Banking†business as early as 2001. In 2002, China’s first mobile e-commerce platform and the first mobile phone vending system were officially commercialized in Chongqing.
However, the previous mobile payment is still based on remote payment, that is, through STK, SMS, WAP and other popular mobile phone clients to complete the transaction. This is actually using a mobile phone instead of a computer for online payment.
In the international arena, the battle between near-field payments and far-field payments is inconclusive. Mobile payments in Europe and the United States are dominated by remote payments because of the maturity of their credit card services. Although Google has also launched Google Wallet's attempt to make near-field payments, the performance of Square, the founder of Twitter founder Jack Dorsey, proves that remote payment is the mainstream form of mobile payment in Europe and America.
In China, both models have made progress. China Telecom's wing payment is the best example of domestic near-field payment. The mobile phone client launched by Alipay and UnionPay is the representative of remote payment.
However, in the remote payment model, the operator is only a channel, and the dominance is in the hands of financial institutions such as UnionPay and third-party payment companies such as Alipay.
The maturity of RF, infrared, and Bluetooth technologies has made it possible to achieve near-field payment. In this payment mode, as long as the NFC chip is implanted into the mobile phone, there is no need to enter the mobile phone system for operation, and it is only necessary to brush the mobile phone to a terminal similar to the POS machine like a bus card to realize payment.
Of course, more than just mobile phones can be implanted with NFC chips, such as watches, but for now, mobile phones are still the easiest carrier to implement, and operators can obtain relative dominance. In 2012, China Mobile and China Unicom's mobile phone users will directly reach 900 million, and the number of smart phone users will exceed 100 million.
The hardware conditions have been initially available. At present, the major mobile phone manufacturers in the world have begun to load NFC functions in their mobile phones. In addition to Nokia, Samsung, HTC and other mobile phone brands, ZTE has also launched NFC mobile phones in 2011, and even many Chinese cottages are loaded. The NFC function.
In terms of operating system, Google's Andriod2.3 system has integrated NFC technology. It is said that Microsoft Windows Phone will also be equipped with NFC technology on the platform.
In order to realize NFC, it is necessary to participate in payment systems such as telecom operators and UnionPay with POS terminals. But in China, the pace of the two camps is not consistent.
Since you want to brush your phone like a bus card, you need to brush the "card" device at the same frequency. However, there are currently two domestic frequencies, one is 13.56MHz frequency based on UnionPay, and the other is 2.4GHz frequency independently developed by China Mobile.
UnionPay, which is backed by the central bank and has the strongest policy strength, is obviously reluctant to relocate China Mobile. Moreover, the payment is a financial business.
Moreover, the 13.56MHz frequency used by UnionPay is still the international common frequency. This frequency is used by existing POS machines and bus card readers. This means that if this frequency is adopted, UnionPay can rapidly expand with off-the-shelf infrastructure and eliminate the need for repetitive construction.
China Mobile also has its own chips. Although the 2.4GHz frequency seems to be non-mainstream, it is the real hegemon of the Chinese mobile phone market - 600 million users. Moreover, China Mobile's users have strong brand recognition for their operators.
Under the two strong competitions, China Unicom and China Telecom in the carrier camp chose to join the FedEx camp.
China Mobile also wants to break this deadlock. After entering the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, China Mobile teamed up with Pudong Development to launch the “China Mobile Pudong Development Bank Lending Credit Co-branded Cardâ€. This card integrates the electronic cash micro-payment function, which uses the standard frequency of 13.56MHz.
In addition, in June 2010, a senior executive of China Mobile revealed that China Mobile is developing an RF-SIM card compatible with the 2.4GHz and 13.56MHz standards.
The NFC payment launched by UnionPay adopts an SD-NFC mode. China Mobile's mobile phone can also be transferred to the 13.56MHz channel by plugging in the SD card.
This also means that for the user to apply the NFC payment function, it is not necessary to purchase an NFC mobile phone, and the SIM card can be directly replaced. China Mobile's current strategy is to launch a 2.4GHz RF-SIM card that can be used directly into a mobile phone. Telecom and China Unicom have introduced a 13.56MHz SIM card.
In addition to solving industry standards, various stakeholders also need to find mature business models. How to establish a cross-industry industry chain to achieve win-win is a key issue in today's mobile payment industry. At present, whether it is operators or UnionPay or third-party platforms. Did not come up with a detailed plan.
But what is certain is that the mobile payment market has great potential. Analysys International estimates that in 2011, mobile payment users are expected to reach 220 million users, the transaction scale will reach 48.14 billion yuan, and the market revenue will reach 5.24 billion yuan. In 2013, it is expected to reach 23.51 billion yuan.
Near field payment
It means that when consumers purchase goods or services, they immediately pay to the merchant through the mobile phone. The payment processing is carried out on the spot and is carried out online. Instead of using the mobile network, mobile phone radio frequency (NFC), infrared, Bluetooth, etc. are used. Channels for local communication with vending machines and POS machines. NFC (Near Field Communication) is a mainstream technology for near-field payment. It is a short-range high-frequency wireless communication technology that allows non-contact point-to-point data transmission between electronic devices to exchange data. The technology evolved from RFID radio frequency identification and is compatible with RFID technology. It was first promoted by Philips, Nokia and Sony, and is mainly used in handheld devices such as mobile phones.
The exploration of the three major operators in the field of mobile payment
China Mobile
In 2001, it launched the “SMS mobile bankingâ€, which is earlier than UnionPay. It has been more than 10 years since today. In 2006, it established a mobile e-commerce pilot base in Hunan. In 2007, it expanded to Chongqing and Guangzhou. In 2009, it cooperated with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank. Launched WAP mobile banking. In 2010, China Mobile directly invested 40 billion in Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and held 20% of its shares.
China Telecom
Start late, but the strength can not be underestimated. In 2010, China Telecom teamed up with China UnionPay to launch “Wing Paymentâ€, and its various mobile phones support various types of industry cards, bus cards, school and government internal card accounts, bank cards and other payment methods.
China Unicom
In 2007, China Unicom began to cooperate with UnionPay to conduct mobile payment experiments in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other cities and launch mobile wallet business. In 2010, Unicom and Bank of China established a strategic partnership. Subsequently, with China Ping An, Alipay and Shanghai Bank of Communications reached a cooperation to jointly develop mobile payment services.
This requires mobile operators to operate a business - electronic payments, and operators have long seen the market opportunities. Now, China's three major operators can do a big job, and they also get a payment license.
On December 31, 2011, the central bank issued the third batch of 61 non-financial payment business licenses. Among them, Zhongtianyi E-Commerce Co., Ltd., Unicom Woyi Pay Network Technology Co., Ltd. and China Mobile E-Commerce Co., Ltd. They are the payment subsidiaries of China Telecom, China Unicom and China Mobile. The license license allows the three companies to carry out two major services, such as mobile phone payment and bank card receipt. The two companies of China Telecom and China Unicom can also carry out fixed-line payment services.
This means that China's near-field payment based on NFC (Near Field Communication) technology has officially started.
In fact, the three major operators have been launching mobile payment services for many years. China Mobile has launched the “Mobile SMS Banking†business as early as 2001. In 2002, China’s first mobile e-commerce platform and the first mobile phone vending system were officially commercialized in Chongqing.
However, the previous mobile payment is still based on remote payment, that is, through STK, SMS, WAP and other popular mobile phone clients to complete the transaction. This is actually using a mobile phone instead of a computer for online payment.
In the international arena, the battle between near-field payments and far-field payments is inconclusive. Mobile payments in Europe and the United States are dominated by remote payments because of the maturity of their credit card services. Although Google has also launched Google Wallet's attempt to make near-field payments, the performance of Square, the founder of Twitter founder Jack Dorsey, proves that remote payment is the mainstream form of mobile payment in Europe and America.
In China, both models have made progress. China Telecom's wing payment is the best example of domestic near-field payment. The mobile phone client launched by Alipay and UnionPay is the representative of remote payment.
However, in the remote payment model, the operator is only a channel, and the dominance is in the hands of financial institutions such as UnionPay and third-party payment companies such as Alipay.
The maturity of RF, infrared, and Bluetooth technologies has made it possible to achieve near-field payment. In this payment mode, as long as the NFC chip is implanted into the mobile phone, there is no need to enter the mobile phone system for operation, and it is only necessary to brush the mobile phone to a terminal similar to the POS machine like a bus card to realize payment.
Of course, more than just mobile phones can be implanted with NFC chips, such as watches, but for now, mobile phones are still the easiest carrier to implement, and operators can obtain relative dominance. In 2012, China Mobile and China Unicom's mobile phone users will directly reach 900 million, and the number of smart phone users will exceed 100 million.
The hardware conditions have been initially available. At present, the major mobile phone manufacturers in the world have begun to load NFC functions in their mobile phones. In addition to Nokia, Samsung, HTC and other mobile phone brands, ZTE has also launched NFC mobile phones in 2011, and even many Chinese cottages are loaded. The NFC function.
In terms of operating system, Google's Andriod2.3 system has integrated NFC technology. It is said that Microsoft Windows Phone will also be equipped with NFC technology on the platform.
In order to realize NFC, it is necessary to participate in payment systems such as telecom operators and UnionPay with POS terminals. But in China, the pace of the two camps is not consistent.
Since you want to brush your phone like a bus card, you need to brush the "card" device at the same frequency. However, there are currently two domestic frequencies, one is 13.56MHz frequency based on UnionPay, and the other is 2.4GHz frequency independently developed by China Mobile.
UnionPay, which is backed by the central bank and has the strongest policy strength, is obviously reluctant to relocate China Mobile. Moreover, the payment is a financial business.
Moreover, the 13.56MHz frequency used by UnionPay is still the international common frequency. This frequency is used by existing POS machines and bus card readers. This means that if this frequency is adopted, UnionPay can rapidly expand with off-the-shelf infrastructure and eliminate the need for repetitive construction.
China Mobile also has its own chips. Although the 2.4GHz frequency seems to be non-mainstream, it is the real hegemon of the Chinese mobile phone market - 600 million users. Moreover, China Mobile's users have strong brand recognition for their operators.
Under the two strong competitions, China Unicom and China Telecom in the carrier camp chose to join the FedEx camp.
China Mobile also wants to break this deadlock. After entering the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, China Mobile teamed up with Pudong Development to launch the “China Mobile Pudong Development Bank Lending Credit Co-branded Cardâ€. This card integrates the electronic cash micro-payment function, which uses the standard frequency of 13.56MHz.
In addition, in June 2010, a senior executive of China Mobile revealed that China Mobile is developing an RF-SIM card compatible with the 2.4GHz and 13.56MHz standards.
The NFC payment launched by UnionPay adopts an SD-NFC mode. China Mobile's mobile phone can also be transferred to the 13.56MHz channel by plugging in the SD card.
This also means that for the user to apply the NFC payment function, it is not necessary to purchase an NFC mobile phone, and the SIM card can be directly replaced. China Mobile's current strategy is to launch a 2.4GHz RF-SIM card that can be used directly into a mobile phone. Telecom and China Unicom have introduced a 13.56MHz SIM card.
In addition to solving industry standards, various stakeholders also need to find mature business models. How to establish a cross-industry industry chain to achieve win-win is a key issue in today's mobile payment industry. At present, whether it is operators or UnionPay or third-party platforms. Did not come up with a detailed plan.
But what is certain is that the mobile payment market has great potential. Analysys International estimates that in 2011, mobile payment users are expected to reach 220 million users, the transaction scale will reach 48.14 billion yuan, and the market revenue will reach 5.24 billion yuan. In 2013, it is expected to reach 23.51 billion yuan.
Near field payment
It means that when consumers purchase goods or services, they immediately pay to the merchant through the mobile phone. The payment processing is carried out on the spot and is carried out online. Instead of using the mobile network, mobile phone radio frequency (NFC), infrared, Bluetooth, etc. are used. Channels for local communication with vending machines and POS machines. NFC (Near Field Communication) is a mainstream technology for near-field payment. It is a short-range high-frequency wireless communication technology that allows non-contact point-to-point data transmission between electronic devices to exchange data. The technology evolved from RFID radio frequency identification and is compatible with RFID technology. It was first promoted by Philips, Nokia and Sony, and is mainly used in handheld devices such as mobile phones.
The exploration of the three major operators in the field of mobile payment
China Mobile
In 2001, it launched the “SMS mobile bankingâ€, which is earlier than UnionPay. It has been more than 10 years since today. In 2006, it established a mobile e-commerce pilot base in Hunan. In 2007, it expanded to Chongqing and Guangzhou. In 2009, it cooperated with Shanghai Pudong Development Bank. Launched WAP mobile banking. In 2010, China Mobile directly invested 40 billion in Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and held 20% of its shares.
China Telecom
Start late, but the strength can not be underestimated. In 2010, China Telecom teamed up with China UnionPay to launch “Wing Paymentâ€, and its various mobile phones support various types of industry cards, bus cards, school and government internal card accounts, bank cards and other payment methods.
China Unicom
In 2007, China Unicom began to cooperate with UnionPay to conduct mobile payment experiments in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other cities and launch mobile wallet business. In 2010, Unicom and Bank of China established a strategic partnership. Subsequently, with China Ping An, Alipay and Shanghai Bank of Communications reached a cooperation to jointly develop mobile payment services.
Workstation for Office & Home Office.
Whether working on your business career or just need a space to writing your next great novel, this desk is a must-have for your office or home office.
Types of computer desks:
1.artificial board (medium density fibreboard =MDF)
The MDF is used as the base material, and the natural veneer is pasted on the positive and negative surfaces, generally with a thickness of 20-60s. And then spray more layers of paint on its surface. The main advantage of this kind of paint board is that the limitation of furniture modeling is not big, and it can be used to make some irregular shapes such as skew and curved surface. Melamine board tends to make simple and fashionable products. The price is relatively low.
2. solid wood panels
Particleboard is mainly used as the base material, and a layer of melamine paper is pasted on the positive and negative surfaces. The industry is short for melamine board. Since the essence of its surface is a layer of paper, it can be designed into numerous colors and printed. For example, wood grain, cloth grain, concrete marble grain and so on. Of course, we can also design designs that do not exist in the natural world. In the picture, the application of the working position should be melamine board, and the desktop is plain white. The edge of the plate is generally sealed with PVC material.
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