1. In addition to water, there are other components in the sample that react chemically with Karl Fischer's reagents, and this sample cannot be measured by the moisture method of the heating method (the sample has low boiling point in addition to water other than water. At 100 degrees, or other volatile components, this is the most common reason
2. The sample is a solid or pasty sample and is insoluble in any organic solvent, and the sample cannot be measured with a heated moisture analyzer.
Basically these two cases, both of which are very extreme, especially in the first case, but this case must be equipped with KFD0-11 Karl Fischer drying furnace (Cartier furnace).
In the second case, some users have limited funds and are directly replaced by the MA-1 Smart Karl Fischer moisture analyzer. The surface area of ​​the sample is dispersed as far as possible to minimize errors.