Zhejiang University PLoS releases new progress in virus research

Recently, researchers from the Institute of Biotechnology of Zhejiang University and Ohio State University have discovered a new mechanism for the Geminivirus to overcome plant methylation modification and suppress gene silencing at the transcription level. Related research papers were published in the academic journal "PloS Pathogens" (IF: 9.079) in the field of virology and pathogen biology.

Zhou Xueping, a distinguished professor of Changjiang Scholars at Zhejiang University and Professor David M. Bisaro at Ohio State University are co-corresponding authors of this article. Associate Professor Xie Yan and Dr. Yang Xiuling in the laboratory of Professor Xueping Zhou are co-first authors of the paper. This project has received funding from the National Basic Research Program (973) and key projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

Geminivirus is the only single-stranded circular DNA virus with twin particle morphology among plant viruses, which can cause devastating damage to many important economic crops such as tomato, cotton, cassava, beans, wheat, and corn. Economic crops in more than 50 countries around the world have been affected by this virus and have received widespread attention. However, due to the rapid spread of the Geminivirus, its control is very difficult.

DNA methylation is a conservative type of epigenetic modification in plants, animals, and fungi. It regulates gene expression, genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, transcriptional level gene silencing (TGS), and defense against DNA viruses. Play an important role in infection. Plants can resist the infection of geminiviruses by DNA methylation modification and inhibition of TGS, and interfere with the replication and transcription of viruses; while geminiviruses need to escape plant methylation modification and TGS to cause disease, so the geminiviruses overcome plant methylation The mechanism of chemical modification and TGS has always been a research hotspot in the field of virology.

In this article, the researchers used the Chinese tomato yellow leaf virus (TYLCCNV) accompanied by satellite DNA as the research object to analyze the molecular mechanism of the virus to overcome plant methylation modification and TGS reaction. The study found that the twin virus TYLCCNV does not effectively inhibit methylation or TGS. Viral genomic DNA is commonly methylated in virus-infected plants. By measuring the methylation level of the entire genome of the virus, it is found that methylation is mainly Concentrated on the promoter region of the virus; but when the geminivirus TYLCCNV is co-infected with the virus ’s satellite DNA, the satellite DNA can significantly reduce the methylation level of the entire genome of the TYLCCNV; satellite DNA can effectively inhibit TGS and make the tobacco smoke Transcription level silenced GFP transgene expression, while satellite DNA inhibits TGS mainly by its encoded βC1 protein; βC1 can also restore the expression of TGS Benjamin tobacco transcript level silenced GFP transgene, which can activate F-box in Arabidopsis Waiting for the expression of endogenous apparent silent sites, and significantly reducing the methylation level of the Arabidopsis genome. Further research shows that βC1 can interact with the key enzyme in the methyl cycle, S-adenosylhomocetidine hydrolase (SAHH), and that the interaction between βC1 and SAHH can reduce the activity of SAHH by about 80%. SAHH is the core component of TGS involved in methylation during the methyl cycle. ΒC1 interacts with SAHH to reduce the activity of SAHH, thereby achieving the purpose of inhibiting methylation and TGS.

This research is of great significance to interpret the molecular mechanism of crops resisting the infection of geminiviruses and the escape of crop defenses by geminiviruses, and provide new theories and new strategies for plant antiviral.

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