Environmental protection and greening seeking design in the integration of packaging and environment

4, the functional package. The design of packaging materials must meet the requirements of physical and chemical properties of the contents, and have effective protection functions. For example, vegetables and fruits require materials that have air permeability and moisture permeability. Frozen foods require materials that have toughness at low temperatures, and easily oxidized food packaging materials require gas barriers. Sex. The loss of functionality caused by the loss of functionality of the contents is undoubtedly the largest consumption of packaging and content resources and energy. In addition, we must ensure the strength of packaging materials and the sealability of the packaging to prevent the phenomenon of “running, leaking, and floating” in the packaging process, transportation process, storage process, and use process, and cause environmental pollution.

5. The recycling of packaging waste. Environmental design of packaging should consider the recycling of packaging waste, including the following aspects.

(1) Packing materials should be selected to suit the existing recycling and recycling systems, or materials that may be established in the future for recycling and recycling systems, which can increase the recovery rate and reduce the recycling costs. Try to use materials that are currently mature in recycling technology. The use of easily identifiable materials or materials with identification marks facilitates separate recycling.

(2) Adopting a volume-reducing design, it can be folded after use, and it is easy to apply force to press blocks. The composite material is easy to be separated from the packaging materials, and the shape design is suitable for transport volume reduction.

(3) Transparent or brown glass is used for the glass container. Try not to use stained glass.

(4) Plastic packaging should be made of plastic materials that can be degraded and compostable after use.

(5) Use packaging materials and designs that can be reused after simple handling (such as washing) as much as possible. Reusable packaging should choose easy-to-clean packaging materials.

(6) Try to use reusable packaging containers such as glass and some plastic containers.

(7) Try to choose materials that are not subject to secondary pollution during incineration or degradation, composting, and landfill disposal of packaging waste.

(8) Try to use recycled materials or waste materials as packaging materials.

(9) In the case of meeting functional requirements, try to choose a single material packaging design.

(10) When incineration is required, materials with little or no residue should be selected, such as aluminum foil composites. Select a material with low heat of combustion because it will shorten the life of the furnace.

Third, the use of environmentally friendly packaging materials

1, plastic packaging materials

Plastic packaging material has light weight, good transparency, good processing performance, good corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, high barrier property, easy multi-component and multi-function, low price, and low resource and energy consumption. There are many advantages such as small environmental load. Modern packaging is developed with the development of the plastics industry. However, due to the rapid increase in consumption, causing serious white pollution, people have come to realize that they must take corresponding measures to conduct thorough treatment and adopt environmentally friendly packaging. The solution is the environmental protection of plastic packaging, including the following measures.

(1) Degradable plastic packaging materials. With the implementation of ISO14000, biodegradable plastic packaging materials have received further attention. Since the development of biodegradable plastics, since photodegradable plastics have been decomposed into water, carbon dioxide, plastic powders or low molecular weight oligomers, they will become new sources of contamination. Generally, starches will be destructed by decomposition and destruction, and the decomposed fragments will remain contaminated. Microbial degradable plastics Better, but higher prices. Degradable plastic packaging materials are suitable for specific applications and disposable packaging materials. The production of biodegradable plastic packaging materials has increased quite rapidly, but the proportion of the entire plastics is still quite low. In recent years, the industrialization of the whole degradable plastic has developed rapidly. The German industrial standard DIN54900 specifies that the conversion rate of 60% within 180 days is a fully degradable plastic, and the aliphatic diol, aromatic dicarboxylic acid polymer and polylactic acid can meet the standards.

(2) Recyclable plastic packaging materials. Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) is more heat-resistant than PET and can withstand the sterilization conditions (116°C, 63min) required for low-acid foods, while PET only withstands 70°C, especially for gas barrier UV protection. Better, longer shelf life, can replace glass bottles, and therefore have a wide range of applications in beer, beverages, cosmetics, food and other packaging, and think that it can be reused packaging.

(3) Foam packaging materials. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) has formed a situation where everyone calls out because of the proliferation of disposable lunch boxes. However, it still occupies a considerable position in the packaging materials. Due to the use of less materials, 95% to 98% of air is the environment load. Low, also the most manageable in plastics. EPS is an excellent thermal insulation, cold preservation and buffer packaging material, in place of wooden boxes in various forms, used in home appliances, electronic equipment, packaging buffers and fish boxes. According to the "Montreal International Convention," the ban on CFC foaming agents, foam plastic production is moving toward "zero ODP" and "low GWP" low-pollution processes. The current development of high melt strength polypropylene (HMSPP) and polypropylene homopolymers can produce foamed polypropylene with fine micropores and even distribution. Due to its low density, it can save 20% of the same performance polypropylene sheet. The same environmental load is also reduced. In order to reduce the environmental load, foam packaging cushioning material substitutes have also been developed, such as bubble plastic film, pulp molded products, and paper-plastic composite bag inflatable cushions.

(4) thin-walled containers, pouches. Reduction is an important direction for the environmental protection of packaging materials. Instead of replacing the bottle with a film, a single film is used instead of a multilayer film, and bottles and cans are thinned to achieve reduction. Mainly through changes in consumer attitudes, environmental protection design, improve the quality of packaging, materials, high-strength light weight and other measures to achieve. Bag-Bag or Bag-Box are used to reduce the amount of plastic waste compared to bottles, while maintaining container fastness. Corrugated cartons can be recycled. In recent years, the development of metallocene plastic technology will reduce the thickness of plastic packaging and will contribute to the replacement of some glass and metal packaging applications. Metallocene plastics have many excellent properties, high strength, high rigidity, good film stability, transparency and heat resistance. The current demand for polyethylene in the world is 40 million tons per year, and it is expected to increase to 50 million tons in 2005, most of which will increase. Metallocene polyethylene. (to be continued)